The Relationship Power Inventory: Development and validation

نویسندگان

  • ALLISON K. FARRELL
  • JEFFRY A. SIMPSON
  • ALEXANDER J. ROTHMAN
  • Allison K. Farrell
چکیده

Power is a central concept in relationships, yet existing self-report measures of relationship power are not well validated and do not assess all aspects of power. To address this, we developed the Relationship Power Inventory (RPI), a self-report measure of power for romantic partners. In Study 1, we identified the most important decision-making domains in romantic relationships. In Study 2, we generated an item pool assessing relationship power, selected the best performing items for inclusion, and tested the convergent and divergent validity properties of the RPI. Study 3 revealed RPI scores predict observer ratings of power during decision-making discussions and showed the RPI has good test–retest reliability. We discuss how the RPI can advance research on power in close relationships In his 1938 book, Power: A New Social Analysis, philosopher Bertrand Russell proposed that “the fundamental concept in social science is power, in the same sense in which energy is the fundamental concept in physics . . . .The laws of social dynamics are laws which can only be stated in terms of power” (p. 4). More than six decades later, leading relationship scientists have echoed Russell’s call, claiming that power is a major organizing principle in the social and behavioral sciences (Reis, Collins, & Berscheid, 2000). However, there is an enigma: Although power was recognized early on as an impactful dynamic in close relationships (Huston, 1983), relatively little theoretical or empirical work has focused on the processes underlying the establishment and maintenance of power within relationships, including the outcomes that power differences have on relationship partners, their decisions and behaviors, and the quality of their Allison K. Farrell, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota; Jeffry A. Simpson, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota; Alexander J. Rothman, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota. Correspondence should be addressed to Allison K. Farrell, University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Minneapolis, MN 55455, e-mail: [email protected] relationship. We believe this is due in part to the lack of a comprehensive, well-validated self-report measure of relationship power; it is difficult to study a construct that cannot be measured accurately, and relationship scientists often depend on self-report scales to measure key constructs. In this article, we introduce the Relationship Power Inventory (RPI), a self-report measure of power in romantic relationships that assesses the different types of power that can be held by each partner across different decision-making domains within a relationship. The RPI was developed from the dyadic power-social influence model (DPSIM; Simpson, Farrell, Oriña, & Rothman, 2015), which is a process model of power in relationships that incorporates concepts from several theoretical models and perspectives on power. We believe that this new measure represents an important step forward in the study of power in close relationships, and we hope that it will facilitate better, higher quality research on this important construct and topic. Early power theories Early theories on power were limited in that they viewed power as a characteristic

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تاریخ انتشار 2015